Monitoramento de fauna ameaçada

Wildlife monitoring refers to activities carried out to assess and track the presence, distribution, abundance, and behavior of native or migratory fauna in areas influenced by projects and activities subject to environmental licensing, which are considered to have actual or potential impacts on wildlife.

Primeiramente, são seguidas as diretrizes estabelecidas pelos órgãos ambientais competentes, como o Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) e as Secretarias Estaduais de Meio Ambiente. Essas instituições são responsáveis não só por fiscalizar o cumprimento das condicionantes ambientais, como também aplicar as medidas necessárias para garantir a conservação da biodiversidade.

According to Article 8 of Normative Instruction No. 146, dated January 10, 2007, the "Fauna Monitoring Program must present specific conservation and monitoring programs for endangered species listed in official lists that are registered within the direct influence area of the project and considered impacted by the project."

Ações que fazem parte desse monitoramento

A princípio, as ações de monitoramento podem incluir o uso de técnicas como instalação de armadilhas de captura viva (ex. live box, laço, bal-chatridirect observation, installation of camera traps, analysis of traces (such as tracks, feces), among other methods. Additionally, approaches like telemetry can be used to track movements and displacement patterns of threatened species. The data collected during monitoring is analyzed and compared with previous studies to assess changes in populations. In case significant negative impacts are identified, mitigation measures must be implemented, such as adopting specific management techniques, specimen relocation, preservation of critical habitats, or environmental compensation.

Monitoramento de fauna ameaçada na Clam

O setor do Meio Biótico da Clam já executou e vêm executando diversos Programas de Monitoramento de Fauna Ameaçada. Dentre eles, podemos destacar a captura e o monitoramento via telemetria de indivíduos de Puma concolor (cougar) Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf) and Spizaetus tyrannus (black hawk-eagle) in long-term monitoring programs. In another program, for the primate species Alouatta guariba clamitans (red-handed howler monkey), conducting interviews with local residents constituted a fundamental approach for surveying the distribution of wild species, in addition to active search methods and playback systemsThe data obtained in these programs can also contribute to the National Action Plan (PAN) for the conservation of species, such as the monitoring of Hydromedusa maximiliani (snake-necked turtle), an endemic chelonian of the Atlantic Forest, which contributes to the PAN for the Conservation of Endangered Reptiles and Amphibians in the Espinhaço Range.

Vale ressaltar que todas essas atividades são realizadas por equipes especializadas, que podem incluir biólogos, médicos veterinários e outros profissionais capacitados. O monitoramento de fauna ameaçada consiste em uma atividade contínua, que deve ser realizada ao longo do tempo para garantir a efetividade das medidas de mitigação implementadas e para avaliar a evolução da população de espécies ameaçadas na área de estudo.